Семён Самсонович Кутателадзе - RUSSIAN—ENGLISH IN WRITING. Советы эпизодическому переводчику. 4-е изд.

¯¥à¥¢®¤¨¬®£® ®¡¥á業¨¢ ¥â ‚ è âà㤠¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â ¡ëâì ¨á¯à ¢«¥­ ­¨ª ª¨¬¨ ᪮«ì 㣮¤­® ¢¨àâ㮧­ë¬¨ ãå¨é७¨ï¬¨ ¨ â®­ª®áâﬨ.
¥á®¬­¥­­®, çâ® ‚ë ®âª ¦¥â¥áì ®â ¯¥à¥¢®¤ ¡¥áᮤ¥à¦ ⥫쭮©
à ¡®âë ¨ ¢§ïâë© ‚ ¬¨ ¤«ï ¯¥à¥¢®¤ àãá᪨© ⥪áâ §­ 稬. ‚ è
£« ¢­ ï § ¤ ç | ¯¥à¥¤ âì ¨¬¥î饥áï á®®¡é¥­¨¥. Š®­¥ç­®, ‚ è
¯¥à¥¢®¤ ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï ®à¨£¨­ «®¬. Ž¤­ ª® á®åà ­¥­¨¥ ç¨á« ¡§ 楢, ¯à¥¤«®¦¥­¨©, ¯à¨« £ ⥫ì­ëå ¨ â. ¯. ­¥ ï¥âáï ‚ 襩 楫ìî.  ¢­ë¬ ®¡à §®¬, ‚ è ¯¥à¥¢®¤ | ­¥ ७ ¤«ï ¤¥¬®­áâà 樨
‚ 襣® ¨áªãáá⢠¢ á¯¥æ¨ «ì­ëå £à ¬¬ â¨ç¥áª¨å ¨ á⨫¨áâ¨ç¥áª¨å
¯à¨¥¬ å, ¤«ï ¤®ª § ⥫ìá⢠᢮¥®¡ëç¨ï ¨ è¨à®âë ‚ 襣® ­£«¨©áª®£® «¥ªá¨ª®­ .
‘ ¬®ã⢥ত¥­¨¥ ç¥à¥§ ïá­®áâì á®®¡é¥­¨ï | ¢®â ®¤¨­ ¨§ ¢ ¦­¥©è¨å ¯à¨­æ¨¯®¢ å®à®è¥£® ¯¥à¥¢®¤ç¨ª . ®í⮬ã, ¢ ç áâ­®áâ¨, ­¥â
­¨ª ª®© ­¥®¡å®¤¨¬®á⨠¢­®á¨âì ¢ ¯¥à¥¢®¤ ®ç¥¢¨¤­ë¥ ¤¥ä¥ªâë àãá᪮£® ⥪áâ . ‘«¥¤ã¥â ¨á¯à ¢«ïâì ­¥ ⮫쪮 § ¬¥ç¥­­ë¥ ®¯¥ç ⪨,
­® ¨ ï¢­ë¥ á®¤¥à¦ ⥫ì­ë¥ ­¥¤®áâ ⪨ ®à¨£¨­ « . ¥ á®åà ­ï©â¥
¢ë«®¢«¥­­ë¥ ­¥â®ç­®áâ¨, ª®àá⨠¨ ¡¥áá¬ë᫨æë. Š®­¥ç­®, ¥á«¨
‚ë ­¥ ï¥â¥áì ¢â®à®¬ ¯¥à¥¢®¤¨¬®£® ¬ â¥à¨ « ¨ ­¥ ¬®¦¥â¥ ¯à®-

8

ƒ«. 3. ¥à¥¤ ©â¥ á®®¡é¥­¨¥

ª®­áã«ìâ¨à®¢ âìáï á â ª¨¬ ¢â®à®¬, ¯à®ï¢«ï©â¥ ®á®¡ãî ®áâ®à®¦­®áâì ¯à¨ ¢­¥á¥­¨¨ ¨§¬¥­¥­¨©, ®£à ­¨ç¨¢ ïáì ãáâà ­¥­¨¥¬ ¡¥áᯮà­ëå á⨫¨áâ¨ç¥áª¨å, £à ¬¬ â¨ç¥áª¨å, â¥à¬¨­®«®£¨ç¥áª¨å ¨ ¤à㣨å
­¥¤®ç¥â®¢.
®¬­¨â¥ ® ¯à®§à ç­®á⨠¨§«®¦¥­¨ï ¨ âé ⥫쭮á⨠¢ ¤¥â «ïå.
\Clarity is the minimum necessary for good writing...."
(S. Greenbaum)
\Deliberate obscurity is a ridiculous vanity and obscurity through
carelessness is a form of insolence." (R. Quirk, The Use of English)
¥ â¥àï©â¥ çã¢á⢠¬¥àë! ’ ª, ¤®¯ãá⨬, ‚ë ¢áâà¥â¨«¨ ¤®áâ â®ç­®
®áâàãî ९«¨ªã ⨯
ý ¦¥£®¤­ë¥ ªà ⪨¥ á®®¡é¥­¨ï ®¤­®£® «â ©áª®£® ­ «¨â¨ª
® ª®«ì楢ëå ®¡« áâïå ¯®¤àë¢ îâ ª®­æ¥¯æ¨î £®«®¬®àä­®á⨠¢
¤¨ää¥à¥­æ¨ «ì­®¬ ¨ ¨­â¥£à «ì­®¬ ¨áç¨á«¥­¨ïåþ.
¥ á«¥¤ã¥â (¡¥§ ëå ¨ ®ç¥­ì ã¡¥¤¨â¥«ì­ëå ¤«ï ç¨â â¥«ï ª®­ªà¥â­ëå ®á­®¢ ­¨©) ¤®¡ ¢«ïâì ¢ ¥¥ ¯¥à¥¢®¤ á⨫¨áâ¨ç¥áª¨© á ઠ§¬ (®âáãâáâ¢ãî騩 ¢ ®à¨£¨­ «¥) ¨ ¯¨á âì çâ®-â® ¢à®¤¥
\An altaian analyst's annular announcements on annuli annul analyticity in analysis."
‚ è ªà¨â¥à¨© | ïá­®áâì ¨ ¤®å®¤ç¨¢®áâì ¢ëà ¦¥­¨ï ­ ãç­®£® ᮤ¥à¦ ­¨ï ®à¨£¨­ « .
®«¥§­® ¯®¬­¨âì, çâ® ‚ è¨ ¯®¯ë⪨ ᮧ¤ âì ¨¤¥ «ì­ë© «¨â¥à âãà­ë© ­£«¨©áª¨© ⥪áâ ¢àï¤ «¨ ®ª ¦ãâáï ¡á®«îâ­® 㤠ç­ë¬¨. ’ॡ®¢ ­¨ï, ¯à¥¤êï¢«ï¥¬ë¥ ª ¡®«ì让 «¨â¥à âãà¥, ¯à ªâ¨ç¥áª¨ ­¥à¥ «¨§ã¥¬ë ¢ í¯¨§®¤¨ç¥áª®¬ ¯¥à¥¢®¤¥ (¬¥¦¤ã ¯à®ç¨¬, â® ¦¥
®â­®á¨âáï ª «î¡ë¬ ­ ãç­ë¬ ⥪áâ ¬).
‚ ª ç¥á⢥ ¨««îáâà 樨 ¤ ¢ ©â¥ à áᬮâਬ ¨§¢¥áâ­ãî ª®­áâ â æ¨î ( ªª«¥á¨ áâ, £«. 9:11):
ýˆ ®¡à ⨫áï ï, ¨ ¢¨¤¥« ¯®¤ ᮫­æ¥¬, çâ® ­¥ ¯à®¢®à­ë¬ ¤®áâ ¥âáï ãᯥè­ë© ¡¥£, ­¥ åà ¡àë¬ | ¯®¡¥¤ , ­¥ ¬ã¤àë¬ | å«¥¡,
¨ ­¥ ã à §ã¬­ëå | ¡®£ âá⢮, ¨ ­¥ ¨áªãá­ë¬ | ¡« £®à ᯮ«®¦¥­¨¥, ­® ¢à¥¬ï ¨ á«ãç © ¤«ï ¢á¥å ¨åþ.

ƒ«. 3. ¥à¥¤ ©â¥ á®®¡é¥­¨¥

9

„®áâ â®ç­® ᮢ६¥­­ë© ¡®£®á«®¢áª¨© ¯¥à¥¢®¤, ¯à¥¤«®¦¥­­ë© ¢ ¢ ਠ­â¥ \Good News Bible", â ª®¢:
\I realized another thing, that in this world fast runners do not
always win the race, and the brave do not always win the battle.
Wise men do not always earn a living, intelligent man do not always
get rich, and capable men do not always rise to high positions. Bad
luck happens to everyone."
‚®â ®¡é¥¯à¨­ïâë© ª« áá¨ç¥áª¨© ­£«¨©áª¨© ¢ ਠ­â:
\I returned and saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift,
nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet
riches to men of understanding, not yet favor to men of skill; but
time and chance happeneth to them all."
€ ¢®â á®ç¨­¥­­ ï „¦. Žà¢¥««®¬ ¯ த¨ï, \a parody, but not a very
gross one", ­ â®â ¦¥ ®âà뢮ª:
\Objective consideration of contemporary phenomena compels the
conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits
no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that
a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken
into account."
‚ë ¤®«¦­ë ¢ëà ¡®â âì ᢮© ¢§£«ï¤ ­ ¯à¨¢¥¤¥­­ë¥ ®¡à §æë. ¥ ¨áª«î祭®, çâ® â१¢ë© ­ «¨§ ‚ è¨å ¢®§¬®¦­®á⥩ ¯à¨¢¥¤¥â ª ¢ë¢®¤ã ® ¯à¨¥¬«¥¬®á⨠¤«ï ‚ 襣® ¯¥à¥¢®¤ç¥áª®£® áâ¨«ï ­ ãç­®£® ª ­æ¥«ïà¨â , ¨¬¨â¨à®¢ ­­®£® „¦. Žà¢¥««®¬.
ã ¨, à §ã¬¥¥âáï, ¢ ᢮¥© «¨ç­®© ¯à ªâ¨ª¥ ‚ë ­¨ª®£¤ ­¥ ¤®«¦­ë § ­¨¬ âìáï ¯¥à¥¢®¤ ¬¨ ¨¡«¨¨, ’ «¬ã¤ , Š®à ­ , ˜¥ªá¯¨à ,
’®«á⮣®, ìîâ®­ , Œ àªá ¨ ¤à. ­ ­£«¨©áª¨© ï§ëª. ᫨ ¢ ¯¥à¥¢®¤¨¬®¬ äà £¬¥­â¥ ®¡­ à㦨« áì æ¨â â ¨§ ¨§¢¥áâ­®£® ¢â®à ,
‚ ¬ á«¥¤ã¥â ¯à¨«®¦¨âì ¤®«¦­ë¥ ãᨫ¨ï ¨ ®âë᪠âì ª ­®­¨ç¥áª¨©
⥪áâ ¨«¨ ®¡é¥¯à¨§­ ­­ë© ¯¥à¥¢®¤. ® áç áâìî, ¯®¤®¡­ë¥ á¨âã 樨
।ª® ¢áâà¥ç îâáï ¯à¨ à ¡®â¥ á ¥áâ¥á⢥­­®­ ãç­ë¬¨ áâ âìﬨ.
‚ ¬¥­â «¨â¥â¥ í¯¨§®¤¨ç¥áª®£® ¯¥à¥¢®¤ç¨ª ­ ¡«î¤ îâáï ç¥àâë
¤¢ãå ⨯¨ç¥áª¨å ¯¥àá®­ ¦¥©. ¥à¢ë© | í⮠᮫¥æ¨áâ Gabble the

10

ƒ«. 3. ¥à¥¤ ©â¥ á®®¡é¥­¨¥

Casus (®­ ¦¥ ƒà吝ã«ï Š §ãá­ë©), ¢â®à®© | ¯ãà¨áâ Usus the Purest
(¯®-àãá᪨ | —¨áâî«ï à ¢®¯¨á). Š ¦¤ë© ¬®¦¥â ¢à¥¬ï ®â ¢à¥¬¥­¨
¯®©¬ âì á¥¡ï ­ (ॠ«¨§®¢ ­­®¬) áâ६«¥­¨¨ á¡®«â­ãâì (¨ ­ ¯¨á âì)
çâ® ¯®¯ «®. ‚®â ‚ ¬ ¨ Gabble the Casus, a solecist.
ˆ¬¥©â¥ ¢ --">